Define Marriage Essay - 1840 Words

Name: Chunxian Huang How might we usefully define marriage in universal cross cultural terms? Marriage, which is one of the most vital relationships of human beings, is a bewildering subject in people’s lives because it is hard to define, especially in the cross cultural terms. Cross cultural, according to the fourth edition of the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (2000), is defined as â€Å"the interaction of differing cultures, or a comparison†. This means that people in cross cultural terms may need to find ways to respect other cultures. In such case, people have chances to understand the other civilization, to make acquaintances with people from multifarious†¦show more content†¦States Lucile (1977:64), â€Å"one very significant norm in our society holds that marriage is a permanent union with exclusive sex rights†. In other words, marriage enables people to have sex with their spouses stably rather than being blamed for having sex activities with others. Therefore, people have more stable and legal sexual relationship i n marriage than others. An example of this point is that usually sex is associated with marriage for the Nuer in Sudan and they play sexual games to imitate the daily life of marriage (Evans, 1990). This means that for the Nuer, stable sexual relationship is vital for their marriages. According to Opperheimer (1990), sexual relationships need stability and marriage provides the necessary stability. Therefore, it is reasonable to believe that the stability of sexual relationship is one of the vital factors for marriage thus people can define marriage from the perspective of stability. Moreover, the social factors of marriage are family responsibilities and relationship in a family or between families. In Lucile (1977)’s opinion, â€Å"parenthood is usually expected to follow marriage†. Some people get married because they need to undertake the duties of procreation for their clan. In China, as an old saying goes, â€Å"There are three ways to be unfilial, the worst is not to produce offspring† (Mencius, 372-289B.C). It shows that the stability of the reproduction of families was very important.Show MoreRelatedWhat Does It Truly Mean? Essay1151 Words   |  5 Pages What is marriage? What does it truly mean? For me personally, marriage is best defined as a legal act of love between two people who vow to be as one until death do them part. It is a special day of celebrating an everlasting union between two people and their families. It is a life long commitment. It is loyalty, security, trust, and respect. Marriage is forever. To help me better define the meaning of the word †marriage†, I looked it up in several dictionaries. To my surprise, not one includedRead MoreDefinition Essay Marriage838 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is the Definition of Marriage? What is the definition of marriage? Over the years, the word marriage has been challenged from its current definition as listed in Merriam-Webster s Dictionary as an act of marrying or being married between a man and a woman. Marriage can also be defined in the Oxford Dictionary as the formal union of a man and a woman, typically recognized by law, by which they become husband and wife. The word marriage becomes a special type of bond between two people thatRead MoreA Happy Marriage By Fawn Weaver994 Words   |  4 Pages A Happy Marriage: New York Times Bestselling Author, Fawn Weaver, points out that The greatest marriages are built on teamwork. A mutual respect, a healthy dose of admiration, and a never-ending portion of love and grace† (Weaver). The quote helps give examples on what defines a happy marriage. According to the Oxford Dictionary, the word happy is defined as feeling or showing pleasure or contentment and the word marriage is defined in this context as The legally or formally recognized unionRead MoreRelationship Between China And China850 Words   |  4 Pagesin China are worried that they will not find the perfect husband by the time they get too and the choices become slim. The Western part of the world may view marriage and love differently than the standards of a married couple in China. Many people in the Western part of the world look for love in marriage while in China, the aim is marriage and not true love. Chinese’s parents fear a lot for their daughters as they too go out and t ry to connect their daughters with a future husband by connectingRead MoreThe Joy Luck Club By Amy Tan Essay913 Words   |  4 Pagesfour mothers and their daughters were impacted by their tradition and beliefs. In the traditional Asian family, parents define the law and the children are expected to follow their requests and demands; respect for one’s parents and elders is critically important. Traditions are very important because they allow us to remember the beliefs that marked a whole culture. Marriage arrangement is one of the Chinese traditions that we learn during the course of the movie. Lindo Woo said: I will meet myRead MoreThe Freedom Of The Free Love Movement Essay1582 Words   |  7 Pagesshould be up to that individual. Free lovers challenged the dominant ideology at that time and pushed boundaries of religion and politics. Marriage during the colonial period was closely linked to reproduction due to the heavy influence religion had on European settlers. However, as they became introduced to Native American cultural practices of marriage their once held beliefs shifted. This shift correlates with the change in a consumer/ industrial society. Religion moved out of the bedrooms andRead More Interview With Pakistani Essay1595 Words   |  7 Pagesfather. Through my interview of Moe I learned quite a bit about Moe, his culture and his religion. In our interview, Moe illustrated three important concepts of anthropology, 1) religion, 2) social structure and 3) enculturation. Anthropology defines religion as a set of rituals rationalized by myth that mobilizes supernatural powers to achieve or prevent transformation of state in the nature of people. Moe’s religion is that of Islam, and through our interview I learned that he is very proudRead MoreMarriage Is A Spiritual Act1282 Words   |  6 PagesMarriage is a Spiritual Act F irst, we must understand that marriage is a spiritual act. Two specific references in the Old Testament gives us proof that Israel was portrayed as God’s wife; see Jeremiah 2-3 and Hosea 1-3. Also, the Church is referenced heavily in the New Testament scriptures as the bride of Christ; see Ephesians 5:25-27 and Revelations 19:7-9, 21:1-2. Review these scriptures and view the spiritual act of marriage. Learn how God viewed Israel as His bride, how He treated HisRead MoreDecision Making1296 Words   |  6 Pagestwo perfect couples. with the 7 decision making process solve the problem.    The 7 decision making processes are:    1. Define the problem 2. Identify limiting factors 3. Develop potential alternatives 4. Analyze the alternatives 5. Select the best alternatives 6. Implement the decision 7. Establish a control and evaluation system Introduction A perfect marriage may be an illusion although the people involve may be perfect individual in their own right. This situation may arise becauseRead MoreEssay On Rites Of Passage1505 Words   |  7 Pagesperson passage from one identity to the next† (Robins, Cummings and McGarry 2016, 61). Marriage is the 15th and most important rite of passage in a Hindu’s life (Holme and Bowker 1994, 72). This rite of passage is known as â€Å"vivaha† and the rituals conducted during the ceremony vary from each region in India. â€Å"Satpadi† translates to â€Å"Seven Steps† and is the final ritual of the â€Å"vivaha†. This occurs during the marriage ceremony of one s life where the bride and groom tie a piece of their clothing together

The Meaning of Heart of Darkness in the Post-Colonial...

The Meaning of Heart of Darkness in the Post-Colonial Climate Since its publication in 1899, Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness has rarely been disputed on the basis of its literary merits; in fact, it was long seen as one of the great novels of the burgeoning modern era, a sort of bridge between the values and storytelling styles of the waning Victorian period and those of the modern era (Gatten), and regarded a high-ranking space amidst the great literature of the century, if not the millennia (Mitchell 20). Conrad’s literary masterpiece manages references to other great literature, universal themes which cut to the heart of philosophical questions of the innate goodness or evil of man, and historical references such as the†¦show more content†¦If Conrad’s intention was to foster debate – or, indeed, disgust –concerning European colonialism, it is ironic that his novel, in the post-colonial era of today, has become the centerpiece of heated debate about the allegedly racist nature of its language and the greater implications of his view of race in light of the fall of colonialism and what most consider a great awakening of sorts in areas of the West’s views on race (Kuchta 160). That is, it is ironic that Conrad’s supposedly anti-colonialist work has earned the distinction of a reputation as representative, in modern academic circles, of a grossly outdated (not to say politically incorrect, in the extreme), highly colonialist and racist mentality. In fact, a cursory search of internet and other resources in today’s era is unlikely to produce many, if any, writings on Conrad and Heart of Darkness that are devoid of mention or focus upon the fixation of race and racism of which Conrad is accused. This was almost certainly not the case during at least the first fifty years following the publication of the novel, at which time most writing would have certainly focused primarily upon the literary techniques and considerations of human nature which Conrad employs. The debate, however, is almost impossible to avoid today. All of this debate began in earnest, of course, with Chinua Achebe’s 1974 essay, An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrads Heart of Darkness, in which Achebe accusedShow MoreRelatedEthnocentrism: with Whom Resides the Heart of Darkness?790 Words   |  4 PagesEthnocentrism 1 Ethnocentrism With Whom Resides the Heart of Darkness? Antonio Arevalo James Campbell High School Ethnocentrism 2 Abstract This paper discusses Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrads most acclaimed novel, and attempts to determine what the heart of darkness that Conrad speaks of is. I found, through my interpretations, that the heart of darkness is the ethnocentrism that Europeans maintained in the age of colonialism. More specifically, this ethnocentrism broughtRead More The Lie of Imperialism Exposed in Literature Essay3048 Words   |  13 Pages If postcolonial literature is the â€Å"process of dialogue and necessary correction,† of misconceptions concerning colonialism, then a comparative study of colonial and postcolonial works is essential for attaining a full understanding of the far-reaching effects of European imperialism (Groden and Kreiswirth 582). 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They might have come out successful again and again, but they did not lose heart.9 Inaccurate transcription mutates words, as spelling errors are ‘corrected’ incorrectly. Sometimes it is possible to guess the original text; ‘Boring’ was probably ‘boredom’ in the below, a very common mistake in Bangladeshi English. In our boringRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesNeo-modernist organization theory: surfing the new wave? Postmodernist organization theory: new organizational forms for a new millennium? Postmodernism as a philosophy: the ultimate challenge to organization theory? Reflective organization theory: symbols, meanings and interpretations R eflexive organization theory: critical theory and psychoanalysis The evolution of management as reflected through the lens of modernist organization theory Perspectives and challenges 2 54 100 148 198 242 282 330 382 432 Read MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagesand Mary Reed. 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Health and Safety Culture at Workplace

Question: Discuss about the Health and Safety Culture at Workplace. Answer: Introduction The case discusses about the various health and safety hazard faced by the workers working in Sopranos Smallgoods, which is a family managed company situated in Bundoora, Victoria. They serve Australian market with a wide variety of assorted meat products, cured using traditional Italian recipes. The workforce at the factory level plays a very important role in the production process required to meet the demand of such large market segment. In any organization the decision and policy making authority lies in the hands of top level management and implementation of these has to be looked after by the middle level personnel. The CEO of Sopranos Smallgoods has been quite concerned about the safety of their workers and has taken all necessary steps to ensure a safe working environment but negligence can be seen on the part of the managers and supervisors who are not monitoring the factory workers. As it is the responsibility of the employer to provide a secure workplace, system and plant to their workforce. An unsafe working environment will risk the lives of the workers and not only increase the financial burden on the organization but also affect their goodwill in the industry. Responsibilities of an employer The employer should disclose all the risks associated with the job to the employee. Proper information, instruction, training and supervision are required to ensure the health and safety at the workplace. Appropriate safety measures such as fire exits, fire extinguisher, clean workplace, and proper safety signs, posters educating the importance of healthy workplace practices should be displayed (CCOHS, 2017) Adequate hygiene facilities at the workplace such as clean toilets, purified water, clean eating areas etc. should be checked. Employees should be provided with training and instruction to deal with accidents and injuries (Worksafe Victoria, 2017). Insurance and workmens compensation should be provided By organizing regular health checkups, the possible health risks can be detected and treated among employees. A health representative should be appointed to keep a check on safety rules being followed by every individual (Safework Australia, 2017). Safety Culture The term refers to a combination of certain attributes and characteristics in an organization and individual that helps to identify and address safety issues according to their level of significance (IAEA, 2017). The employees are committed and dedicated to adopt various safety practices for the overall well-being of an organization. Safety culture has been given less importance in many organizations until there are some serious accidents and injuries takes place and people dont know how to deal with it. This cannot be developed overnight; it is a complex process. (IOSH, 2017) The first move has to be taken by the top level authority which includes formulation of strong and effective policies and procedure along with allocation of resources needed for the implementation of such policies in the organization (CANSO, 2017). The responsibility of implementing such policies should be handed to such a person who is action oriented and has strong leadership skills so that they can explain the importance of developing a safety culture and motivate them to participate actively (IOGP, 2017). Elements of strong safety culture There are certain elements which are required in an organization in maintaining a strong safety culture: Informed culture: In this the organization knows about their safety culture, they continuously reviews their safety performance time to time by taking employees feedback and updating their safety policies accordingly. Reporting culture: The employees are aware about the organizations safety policies and they feel responsible to give their views and suggestions without hesitation to the management regarding safety issues faced by them. Learning culture: In this the organization learns from their past experiences and tries to fix existing loopholes in their safety policies and procedure. Flexible culture: The environment is dynamic, same policies and set of actions cannot be suitable for every situation. So, the management should be flexible enough to adopt a course of action in any situation of hazards and accidents and be prepared for the future. Just culture: The employees working in the organization knows the line between acceptable and unacceptable behavior. They report unacceptable behavior and in return they are being rewarded. On the other hand unacceptable behavior is dealt with fair and just manner (Reasoning, 1998). An organization can improve its safety culture by identifying the stage at which they are operating in the safety culture model. The organization should identify the stage at which they are operating and take actions accordingly to improve and progress ahead in the model. Safety culture model involves 5 stages of making an effective safety culture. The stages are: Emerging, Managing, Involving, Cooperating and continuous improvement. At the emerging stage the organization not concerned about the concept and importance of safe environment, resulting into unavoidable accidents and injuries. Management should get alert about their responsibility of promoting a safe behavior among employees; they should frame effective policies and ensure its implementation. The second stage involves following the safety rules and regulations on the part of the workforce to avoid any accidents. Employees should not only stick to the rules but also get aware about their personal safety responsibilities. At the third stage involvement of workers in the managements initiative of creating a safe workplace can be strongly seen. At the fourth stage employees can relate to the vision of the management, they are willing to take an extra effort in maintaining a safe environment. They also motivate there workfellows to adopt a safe behavior. At the last stage the strong safety culture is created and continuous effort is done to improve the sam e by regularly updating and reviewing the safety policies and procedures by the management (Keil, 2017). Benefits of safety culture to the organization The benefit of having a strong safety culture in an organization is that each and every employee feels responsible about the safety issues existing in an organization and will report it to the concerned authority; as a result necessary steps can be taken to avoid any accidents and injuries in future. There will also be less accident cases as the employees will adopt safety practices, which will further lead to low absenteeism rate resulting increase in the overall productivity of the employee. Presence of strong safety culture gives employees a psychological satisfaction about being safe and secure at the workplace. The perception and attitude of employees with respect to management will change. The turnover rate of the organization will be low and employee retention ratio will be high. Employees morale will also increase. A secure workplace and a concerned management will give individuals a high job satisfaction. The goodwill of the organization will increase in the society as they will not face any law suits. The financial burden will also minimize as they dont have to spend on the healthcare facilities and insurance cover will also be less (Barling and Frone, 2004) Benefits of safety culture to the employees Employees will be able to work in a safe and secure workplace which increases their self-esteem. The stress level will also lower down; as a result they will be able to deliver their best to the organization. Several incentive based programs are conducted to motivate safety behavior in an individual so apart from learning healthy safety habits they can earn monetary and non-monetary rewards too. Components of effective safety culture Safety Policy- There is a commitment from the side of the top level management to make the organization hazard free place for the employees. Nobody can foresee the future, but the risk of accidents and injuries can be prevented by making appropriate policies and procedures. This authority lies in the hands of senior level authority; they should state clear safety objectives to be followed in their mission statement. The work doesnt stop here; the management should get their policies audited and make changes accordingly. Safety Risk Management- Safety professionals should be hired to identify the possible hazards that can occur at the workplace, assessing the degree of risk and then take safety measures accordingly. Safety Assurance- Safety Assurance refers to continuously reviewing the existing policies and standards for improving safety culture and minimizing risk. This can be done with the help of auditors and he alth inspectors. It is recommended that a third party should be hired to audit the workplace safety because they will be able to provide a better and honest verdict regarding any changes to be done in the policies (Federal aviation industry, 2016). Safety Promotion: The management should make every employee accountable for promoting and practicing safety behavior among their coworkers. This can be done by organizing training sessions and seminars in which awareness about workplace health and safety can be generated (OHS, 2017) Recommendations The top level management of the Sopranos Smallgoods only consists of the members of the Sopranos family. They are involved in making meat products and the work is totally factory oriented. The risk of including a professional at the senior level who has the full knowledge about the safety practices to be followed will not only ensure a safer environment but will also increase the efficiency of the management decisions. However if the family members are not interested in hiring someone from outside their management committee, they can form a body of safety professionals having the required qualification which may include health safety executives, safety engineers, coordinators and risk analysts. These professionals will help in analyzing and anticipating risks and design a protocol to be followed in case of any emergency (Newnam, et al., 2016). Also, assigning the job titles such as safety manager or safety buddy to the employees working in the organization will make them feel respons ible and accountable for a promoting a safe behavior among their coworkers and also they will motivated . In case any accident still takes place, a team of experts will be there to handle the situation by providing necessary aid at the first place (Safework Australia, 2017). The careless attitude of frontline managers and supervisors are clearly visible as they are least concerned about the safety practices being followed by the workers at the factory or not. This may lead to fatal workplace injuries; as a result the organization will have to pay heavy loss compensation. This can be prevented by designing an incentive and reward based safety programs. They can be in both monetary and non-monetary terms. While giving performance appraisal not only the productivity of the employee should be kept in mind but there safety habits should also be evaluated (Bernardin, Kane Wiatrowski, 2013). Giving rewards such as monthly gift vouchers, acknowledging safe behavior of employee in front of their coworkers etc. The management should make sure that the benefits of these rewards and incentive should be extended to all the level of the organization in a fair and just manner irrespective of the position of the employee (Beus, McCord Zohar, 2016) A benefit of having a reward system is that it will increase the morale of employee and give them a sense of recognition, promote safe working habits; employees will report more unsafe practices as a result accidents can be prevented, workers compensation claims will also reduce resulting in lowering down the financial burden on the organization. The auditor appointed by the sopranos family noticed many instances where the safety measures were not following properly. The most commonly used machine in smallgoods industry to chop meat pieces are mincers or shredder. Many a times the shredder is not guarded and they are often blocked with meat chunks, workers try to remove the chunks with their bare hands and end up losing their hands or fingers (AMIEU, 2017). In order to avoid such severe injuries it is very important to follow safety measures such as isolating and guarding the equipment and employing competent operators to operate complex machines. Safety signs should be put at all places and frightening messages should be posted near all dangerous equipments. It is the responsibility of employer to provide personal protective equipments to all the workers working in the factory such as gloves, safety glasses and shoes, earplugs, hard hats, respirators, or coveralls, vests and full body suits. The auditor also found out that t he forklifts were not used properly (HSE, 2017). Tipping over of forklifts are very common, major reasons being overloading (BMPA, 2014). Proper information regarding safe handling of such equipment should be provided by professionals to the workers so that the accidents can be avoided. A first aid kit should be kept ready in case of any medical emergencies ( Worksafe queensland, 2017). While recruiting new people in the organization the HR should not only evaluate them on the basis of their qualifications but also see how concerned and aware they are about their own as well as organization's safety. Psychometric test is the most suitable and commonly used method in analyzing the safety behavior of individuals. It consists of set questions regarding safety practices (Psychometrics, 2015). When new workforce is being hired they should be engaged in an induction program which involves explaining the safety culture of the organization and to be accountable for safety behavior at the workplace. The management should also invest in training sessions and seminars organized by safety professionals in which the workers both new and existing will learn to work on complex machines, they will also identify possible workplace hazards and get trained to deal with such situations in case of an emergency (Australian government, 2016). Employees should also have knowledge of person al protective equipment and know how to use them correctly. The method of training may be on the job training, classroom teachings or group discussions. Training sessions at regular time intervals will not only increase the workplace safety awareness among employee but also lower down the accidents rate.(HSE, 2017) Conclusion Safety policies and procedures are mere a written document if they are not reviewed and monitored timely. Management should conduct regular safety audits to ensure an effective safety culture. The auditor examines the condition of the work environment and includes any changes needed in the safety policies in the audit report. This audit report is then presented to the senior level authorities and they make necessary changes to ensure a safe working culture (Friend Kohn, 2017). Apart from auditing, inspection is also important. Inspection can be done by managers or any health safety executive. They can come uninformed at the factory just to check that whether proper safety rules are followed or not on the part of the workers. Factory equipment's should also be inspected on monthly basis. The inspection and audit report help the safety committee to identify the loopholes in their safety policies and prevention of any workplace hazard or injury (OSHA, 2004) By the above report it can be concluded that a strong safety culture proves the commitment of management towards safe workplace practices. A safe working environment not only minimizes the risk of injuries and accidents but also motivate employees to work productively and help the organization in achieving their goals and objective. Safety driven initiatives not only affect the current performance of the organization but they also help in maintaining the goodwill of the firm. Its high time that Sopranos Smallgoods should keep a strict eye on their health and safety practices otherwise the company may face serious troubles such as employees leaving the organization and joining the rival firms where better safety procedures are followed. They may face law suits and heavy compensation which may affect their reputation in the society. Workplace safety should be considered as an integral part of the organizations vision and mission statement and this vision cannot be achieved without the cooperation of every individual working in the organization. References CANSO (2017) Safety Culture Definition and Enhancement Process. Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation, Amsterdam. Retrieved from https://www.canso.org/ on 17 January 2017. Reason J. (1998) Achieving a safe culture: theory and practice. Work stress. Retrieved from https://aml-safety.com.au/AMLstores/_images/pdf-files/21may09-JReason.pdf on 17 January 2017. CCOHS (2017) Health and safety guide for human resource professionals. Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, Canada. Retrieved from https://www.ccohs.ca/products/publications/pdf/samples/humanresources.pdf on 17 January 2017. Friend A.M. Kohn P.J. (2007) Fundamentals of Occupational Safety and Health, 4th edn. The Scarecrow Press, UK. Worksafe Victoria (2017) Employer rights and responsibilities. Worksafe Victoria, Victoria. Retrieved from https://www.worksafe.vic.gov.au/laws-and-regulations/employer-rights-and-responsibilities on 17 January 2017. Safework Australia (2017) Leadership and culture. Safework Australia, Australia. Retrieved from https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/sites/swa/australian-strategy/action-areas/leadership-culture/pages/leadership-and-culture on 17 January 2017. IAEA (2017) Safety culture. International Atomic Energy Agency, Austria. Retrieved from https://www-ns.iaea.org/tech-areas/operational-safety/safety-culture-home.asp on 17 January 2017. IOSH (2017) Promoting a positive culture: A guide to health and safety culture. The Institution of Occupational Safety and Health, UK. Retrieved from https://www.iosh.co.uk/ on 17 January 2017. IOGP (2017) Shaping safety culture through safety leadership. The International Association of Oil Gas Producers, London. Retrieved from https://www.ogp.org.uk/pubs/452.pdf on 17 January 2017. The keil centre (2017) Safety culture model. The keil centre, Australia. Retrieved from https://www.keilcentre.co.uk/products-services/safe-people/safety-culture/safety-culture-maturity-model/ on 17 January 2017. AMIEU (2017) Safety tips for meat workers. Australasian Meat Industry Employees Union, Australia. Retrieved from https://ohs.amieu.asn.au/files/2012/08/safety_tips_english.pdf on 17 January 2017. HSE (2017) Incentives and rewards for health and safety. Human and safety executive, UK. Retrieved from https://www.hse.gov.uk/construction/lwit/assets/downloads/incentives-and-rewards.pdf on 17 January 2017. OHS (2017) Building Workplace Safety with Rewards and Recognition. Occupational health and safety, Dallas. Retrieved from https://ohsonline.com/Articles/2014/06/01/Building-Workplace-Safety-with-Rewards-and-Recognition.aspx on 17 January 2017. Worksafe Queensland (2017) Forklift safety reducing the risks. Workplace health and safety Queensland, Queensland. Retrieved from https://www.worksafe.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/82535/forklift-safety-reducing-risks.pdf on 17 January 2017. OSHA (2017) Osha law and regulations. Occupational safety and health regulations, US. Reytrieved from https://www.osha.gov/law-regs.html on 17 January 2017. Australian government (2016) Workplace health safety. Retrieved from https://www.business.gov.au/info/run/workplace-health-and-safety on 17 January 2017. BMPA (2014) Health and Safety Guidance Notes for the Meat Industry. British meat and processing industry, London. Retrieved from https://www.bmpa.uk.com/_Attachments/Resources/971_S4.pdf on 17 January 2017 HSE (2017) Personal protective equipments. Human and safety executive, UK. Retrieved from https://www.hse.gov.uk/construction/lwit/assets/downloads/incentives-and-rewards.pdf on 17 January 2017 Federal aviation administration (2016). Safety management concepts. Retrieved from https://www.faa.gov/about/initiatives/sms/explained/components/#safety_policy on17 January, 2017. Barling. J Frone R.M (2004). The psychology of workplace safety. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Frone/publication/259754713_The_Psychology_of_Workplace_Safety/links/570d52ff08ae3199889bbe3e.pdf#page=22 on 17 January, 2017. Bernardin. J.H, Kane, S.J Wiatrowski. M (2013). Performance appraisal. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=QgsMvvLspPQCoi=fndpg=PA257dq=performance+appraisalots=liC-KS4kovsig=-R755dMlWBZwOhKVcmg3wJyQqwU#v=onepageq=performance%20appraisalf=false on 17 January, 2017. Beus. M.J, McCord. A.M Zohar. D (2016). Workplace safety: A review and research synthesis. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2041386615626243 on 17 January, 2017 Foran. C, Goode. N. Griffin. M Newnam. S (2016). Defining Safety Communication in the Workplace: An Observational Study. Retrieved from https://www.iscrr.com.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/497706/068-Defining-Safety-Communication-in-Workplace.pdf on 17 January, 2017. Psychometrics (2015), Worksafe predictor. Retrieved from https://www.psychometrics.com/assessments/worksafe-predictor/ on 17 January, 2017.

Employment Discrimination Race/Ethnicity/Color/National Origin/Religion

Introduction Race discrimination is â€Å"employment discrimination against a person because of his or her race, which includes African Americans, Asians, Caucasians, Native Americans, and Pacific Islanders† (Cheeseman 22). Color discrimination is â€Å"employment discrimination against a person because of his or her color, for example, when a white skin person discriminates a dark skin person † (Cheeseman 23).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Employment Discrimination: Race/Ethnicity/Color/National Origin/Religion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More National origin discrimination is â€Å"employment discrimination against a person because of his or her heritage, cultural characteristics, or the country of the person’s ancestor† (Cheeseman 23). Religion discrimination is â€Å"discrimination against a person solely because of his or her religion or religion practices† (Cheeseman 23) . The following cases pertain to the various discriminations mentioned above. Jury Grants PBSO Sergeant $262,000 in Segregation Case A jury ruled in favor of Sergeant Beverly Ellis by awarding her $262, 000 after proving that Palm Beach County Sheriff discriminated against her in terms of the race. The suit, initiated in 2008 was not the first case when Ellis had raised the issue of discrimination. In the year 2001, Ellis reported about her supervisor to the department of discrimination, however, it brought no fruit, thus forcing Ellis to report the matter to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Segregation allegation against Bus System thrown out The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission threw out a discrimination allegation brought by a former staff of Lakeland Area Mass Transit, also known as Citrus Connection. Rita Wages filed the complaint on January 19, 2012 after her dismissal in December 2011. She had served the company for three years. When complaining, Wages underlined the fact that she was fired from her work place as a result of â€Å"violating federal health information privacy laws at the time she was on medical leave† (White) Further, she said that a junior staff harassed and put her under stress by humiliating her in terms of her age, gender, religion as well as race. She also claimed that Lakeland Mayor had encouraged a Ledger to print falsehoods about her in an article dated back to March 2011; it however, resulted in the fact that the former executive director, Danny Ours, started to displayed favoritism towards Wages. Tom Philips, Citrus Connection’s executive director said that she had to be fired because of reorganizations due to some minimizations in the budget of the organization. Wages was advised to file a petition with the federal or state court within 90 days, which she did not though.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 1 5% OFF Learn More West Point Discrimination Suit Settled A federal race discrimination lawsuit was settled on a day when there was the jury’s seating. Four police officers filed the lawsuit based on racial discrimination. The Board of Selectmen and the four officers came to terms, which were confidential though the two parties would share the cost of the jury. The four were former Captain Romelle Matthews, officers Tim Campbell, Jerem Dubois and Jessie Anderson. Their attorney, Jim Waide of Tupelo, was sacked; the rest supported him as well since their attitude towards former Chief Steve Bingham was loyal, who lost his job soon after the majority board assumed office. The decision made by court consisted in blaming Matthews of his official complaint to EEOC, and in the fact that Campbell and Dubois could not be helped and promoted, as they were whites. Kearney says she experienced constant at NCAA In a lawsuit filed with federal and state agencies, a former Longhorn women’s track coach Beverly Kearney, said she had gone through a very hostile job environment for more than a decade and claimed that the Texas’ Athletic Department was against her based because of her race and gender. She also said that she had been mistreated by the school for talking against discrimination. The complaint was filed with the Texas Workforce Commission and the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Kearney resigned knowing that she would be sacked soon for the incorrect behavior with one of her athletes in the year 2002. The unfavorable work environment included insubordination by administrative assistants and failure to receive salary increment as scheduled. Property: Suit Claims Discrimination A supervisor with the Civilian Complaint Review Board accused a top official at the agency of racial discrimination that she claimed resulted in the supervisor being passed over for a promotion in favor of a white male colleague, according to a lawsuit f iled in the federal court in Manhattan. Winsome Thelwell alleged that a former CCRB deputy executive director of investigations, Laura Edidin, displayed her as an angry black woman and tried to create an image that Ms. Thelwell was not a competent manager. It further reveals Ms. Thelwell had a clear work record, and had steadily received promotions under former executive directors. Lastly, the lawsuit claims that Ms. Edidin created a position to elevate a white man with less experience than Ms. Thelwell. The man succeeded Ms. Edidin in August 2012. Howard Police Officer Sues Department, Claims Racial Discrimination On December 6, 2012, a woman at Howard County Police officer took the department to court and her senor for segregation based on race in the U.S. District Court. Pfc. Lisa Burgess, of Gwynn Oak in Baltimore County, initiated the civilian lawsuit against her senior, Sgt. Jennifer Reidy-Hall, as well the department.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Emp loyment Discrimination: Race/Ethnicity/Color/National Origin/Religion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The woman was blamed for performing poor since the beginning of October 2010. Burgess, who is still working, although not under the supervision of Reidy-Hall’s command, wants to get $400,000 for the damages received undergoing such tortures. When expressing her dissatisfaction, Burgess, who said she was the only black officer in her squad, claimed she was not given her due pay raises because Reidy-Hall wrote â€Å"false, misleading and exaggerated† statements in her employee performance evaluations (Rankin). The lawsuit comes after the U.S. Equal Employment and Opportunities Commission (EOCC) closed its file on the charge. The EOCC accepted the Maryland Commission on Civil Rights results that indicated there was no possible cause of allegations of segregation. As per the findings, 103 of the 447 officers serving in Howa rd County Police are minorities. Sixty-seven of those 103 are black, 27 sworn supervisors, and rank of corporal and beyond are rated as minorities (The Baltimore Sun) Kennesaw triumphs in provoking email lawsuit The city of Kennesaw triumphed in a claim initiated by four white employees who alleged that they were unfairly punished due to inappropriate emails. The 11th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Atlanta â€Å"maintained a lower-court judge’s ruling to throw out the case initiated in 2010† (Rankin). The court discovered that the white plaintiffs did not avail enough evidence of segregation and failed to prove that similarly located African-American and Hispanic staff got better treatment. The four employees were some of the over twenty city staff discovered to have gone against a policy, regarding email accounts being used for offensive goals, like racial attacks. In 2009, two African-Americans’ government workers and a former government staff born in Korea had taken the city to court over racial attacks. â€Å"Their lawsuit alleged that city email accounts were being used to send racially offensive messages† (Rankin). The case agreed for $1.8 million.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Later, a lawsuit was initiated and it was discovered that 23 staff went against the email policy over five times. There were 20 whites, 2 blacks and a Hispanic. All of them got or were set to get discipline, but one of the two black and the Hispanic was away on medical leave at that time and were not at work, as the 11th Circuit ruling said. Out of the 20 people of the staff, four initiated a lawsuit, citing unfair treatment. The court decided it was proper for Kennesaw to establish its mail policy and that the city’s scrutiny was neutral regarding race as there was no glaring correlation between the race segregation suit initiated in 2009 and the punishment the four city staff applied. Conference Set In Reinhart Race Suit A teleconference was scheduled to determine deadlines in the federal lawsuit between Reinhart FoodService and a former employee, who claims he was fired from the company’s Coal Township facility in 2010 for his efforts to stop racial discrimination a nd a hostile work environment. Ramon Torres, whose parents came from Dominican Republic, alleges his fellow staff and seniors occasionally applied ethnic sentiments against blacks and Hispanics for the five years of service as a driver’s assistant for the period between September 2005 and March 2010. Torres alleges he was set to occasional moments of unfair handling and was also prevented from machinery and extra salary since he taught drivers how to maneuver routes, based on his Hispanic origin. He claims he was threatened with dire consequences should he give out information to the company offices. After he had reported to the seniors, the firm’s ethics hotline and corporate department, he was verbally offended and then sacked for fake reasons. Works Cited Cheeseman R. Henry. Contemporary Business and Online Commerce Law (7th Edition). London, Princess Hall, 2011. Print. Rankin Bill, â€Å"Kennesaw prevails in offensive email case†, Ajc.com. 2013 Web. The Balt imore Sun. Howard Police Officer charges sues Departments, Charges, Racial Discrimination, 2013. Web. White Gary. â€Å"Discrimination Claim against Bus System Dismissed†. The Ledger.com. 2013. Web. This essay on Employment Discrimination: Race/Ethnicity/Color/National Origin/Religion was written and submitted by user Rachael Grant to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Impact of Television on the Indian population.

Impact of Television on the Indian population. Free Online Research Papers Ever since the advent of modern communication technology that has allowed people around the world to communicate ever so easily, the world itself seems like a smaller space. Broadcasting is an especially effective manner through which millions of people are able to become unified on the basis that they are common recipients of a particular message. One of the most powerful transmitters of these messages is of course the television; programs of which can be seen around the world to serve many purposes. In most contemporary societies, television is a highly influential medium of Popular culture and plays an important role in the social construction of reality. (Morgan, 1990) The effects of television should therefore be recognized as having the ability to alter social, economic and political situations in its places of propagation and beyond. I will be exploring these cultural shifts in detail pertaining to India, a developing nation undergoing a grand cultural shift in part due to the rapid growth of satellite television in the 1990’s and its programming. Television is unlike any other medium of mass communication in that its social effects are prominent, and able to prompt substantial change. The strong cultural influence of television on developing nations can therefore be linked to the following factors as outlined in the book â€Å"Media and Social Changes: the modernizing influences of television in rural India.† First, television programming is easily accessible and inexpensive, which is mainly due to the fact that American television is sold inexpensively around the world after profits in its home market have already been made. Television’s potency is also a result of its broad scope and diversity of programs which therefore makes it appealing to almost anybody. Yet another reason for television’s mass appeal is its benign presence, which allows viewers to be in control of what they watch, how much they watch and when to watch it. (Johnson, 2001) Ultimately, it is these factors that propel the reliance on the medium which has the power to inflict many societal changes in developing nations such as India. Through the examination of diverse groups in India such as rural villagers, youth, women and the middle class, I intend to illustrate the vast social and cultural changes taking place in a culturally rich country, in large part due to the relatively recent popularity of television throughout the country. According to statistics the population in India was: ( see appendix 1) In 2000, it was 1,003 million people. In 2001, it was 1,019 million people. In 2002, it was 1,050 million people. In 2003, it was 1,060 million people. In 2004, it was 1,080 million people. In 2005, it was 1,094 million people. In 2006, it was 1,110 million people. While almost 75 percent of India’s one billion people live in villages,(Johnson 2001) their thoughts and actions consequently have a large influence on the country’s social, political and economic state. One of the most prolific changes in village life which can be linked directly to the influence of television is rise of consumerism in rural India. Just as we are enveloped with advertisements and endorsements which propel us to purchase that which we deem necessary, the same is true in rural India in which such things as blue jeans and hand cream have become necessities. Villagers themselves acknowledge this growing need: â€Å"I want many things that my parents never had. I want a motorcycle and a nice colour TV, I want to eat mutton once a week instead of three times a year† (Johnson 2001) Through this illustration, it is evident that needs are certainly growing and it is due to television and advertisements that the economically dependent third world is now being internally pressured to make shifts that may not be financially possible yet incredibly desirable. Another growing desire of the rural Indian population is to become urbanized, leading to a shift in behaviour and relationships.(Johnson, 2001) Not only do these villagers want to mimic the representations of their urban counterparts by changing their attire and consumer goods, their attitudes are also altered as a result. Such phenomenon can be seen as a positive shift which allows modern attitudes to flourish, through which more sensitivity and emotion are finding their ways into the rigid caste system and competition, therefore adding sentimental value to various relationships. In the case of rural parts of developing nations, mediation may also be useful as a way of educating villagers about their own country. The programs that are seen by the villagers are those which are produced in India yet reflect a Western undercurrent of values and lifestyles. The rural audience is therefore able to learn about other parts of their own country, which is useful due to the fact that many do not venture far from their village for touring purposes. Although touring the country may not be prioritized, with the glamorization of urban life through the media, many villagers are moving to urban centers in search for a better life. (Johnson 2001) The implications of such a shift are obvious in that the villages that are being abandoned are at a disadvantage, yet the urban cities have nothing to gain other than more overcrowding. Although the middle class in India is generally more urbanized and therefore more in touch with the globalizing effects of media, they resemble the villagers in terms of the effects of television on their daily lives. While villagers are enticed with what is outside their village, the urban middle class is able to see the correlation between the foreign and national trademarks. â€Å"Multinational companies consistently attempt to associate their products with signifiers of the Indian nation, for instance through sponsorship of the Indian Olympic team in the 1996 Olympics or through more subtle references to specifically Indian conditions such as the monsoon season† (Fernandes, 2000) While conglomerates such as Pepsi and Coke are striving to merge the Indian identity with their brands by sponsoring sporting events and relying on Indian celebrity endorsements, the Indian audience fails to see that what they see as sponsorship for India’s pride is actually a mere scheme to boost consumerism. It is therefore evident that just as the rural class is becoming increasingly commoditized, the middle class urban population is no different. Although many televised advertisements tug on the nationalized heartstrings, many direct correlations are also made between Indian cities and North American or European ones. In this sense, the existence of the Indian city dwellers is being justified on the basis of their city’s comparison to Western cities. It is through these processes that Indian’s are made to feel that they are being recognized, but the concern is whether this recognition is strong if it is formulated through comparison. While many of these discr ete messages are being transmitted through television and advertisements, they are transforming into ideals; and, just as the rural population is in search for an urban setting, the urban dwellers are looking towards Western societies for opportunity. According to static’s result India spends so much for their TV advertisements. (See appendix 2.) In 2002 US $718 million was spent out of US $ 37,682. In 2003 US $848 million was spent out of US $ 44,413. In 2004 US $ 899million was spent out of US $ 51,812. In 2005 US $1,034 million was spent out of US $ 61,478. In 2006 US $1,189 million was spent out of US $ 67,672. The effects of commercialism cannot be underestimated. Today’s children are besieged by manipulative commercial messages day in and day out, on TV, and even at school. Companies hire psychologists to help them target children and manipulate them; this is called the art of whine-making. The bombardment of commercial messages has created a sense of chronic dissatisfaction in children and, many psychologists think that is has contributed to the increase in teen depression. In terms of programming, television shows are either American, or Indian imitations of them. â€Å"Programs targeted specifically at the middle class are often characterized by a hybridized language which combines Hindi and English.This mixture, termed ‘Hinglish’ by the popular media, combines Hindi and English in different television shows† (Fernandes, 2000) Through this very example it is evident that Westernized ideals are seeping into Indian mainstream media through the use of television. Moreover, an important shift to consider is that while English is becoming increasingly predominant, the non-English speakers are being marginalized and degraded in their own home country. Secondly, the predominance of Hindi as the main language on television weakens the diverse languages spoken in India which have contributed to its cultural heritage for centuries. One of the most prominent examples of the hybrid of Indian and American culture is through the phenomenon of MTV and youth culture in India. â€Å"The two main foreign-owned music television channels operating in India, News Corporation’s Channel [V] and Viacom’s MTV, have followed a market strategy of aggressive â€Å"Indianization.† This has taken the form of programs featuring Indian film songs and music videos†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Juluri, 2002) Although it may hold true that television which is geared towards youth may support Indian entertainment, these channels directly model the American versions of them; therefore, enforcing a global Americanized culture upon middle-class Indian youth. Consumerism is extremely prominent among this group due to the cultural icons represented through music videos and advertisements, along with their parent’s willingness to support such spending. This seems to hold true as a characteristic of youth culture across the globe, which raises the question of whether this global identity was created to homogenize this particular group. Yet another concern that satellite television and its growing Western influence has brought about is the generational reformation of these viewers. â€Å"†¦ graduate students of classical dance and mainly Telugu Channel [V] viewers and say that they have frequently experienced discomfort (and so have their parents)because of the growing trend of obscenity in Telugu film songs (including nudity, suggestive body movements, and â€Å"double-meaning† lyrics).† (Juluri 2002) Families were once able to enjoy programs without any discrepancy among parents and children, the ever growing influence of Western ideology that ‘sex sells’ in the media has transgressed into the Indian market, and led to reformation of the family unit, creating obvious distinctions between tastes. The new trends in television broadcasting may therefore effectively deconstruct the family unit as the Western ideals transgressing through Indian television are slowly creating gaps within the home. Some young viewers of these provocative music videos seem to think that due to their promiscuous nature, that these television programs are also being aired in the West; (Juluri 2002) however, it is this misconception that demonstrates the young Indian’s desire to be recognized by its American counterparts. This ideal requires placing cultural regulations on the backburner, meeting and enjoying Westernized standards and masking them with an overarching Indian identity, all in a subconscious attempt to escape that very identity. Study has shown Television viewing occupied 10.9% of an adolescent time that is about 12 hours per week. 90% of this viewing occurred at home, 73% was done with other family members including 7% with grandparents, uncles, or aunts. This indicates that TV viewing is a typical family activity. Adolescents’ rates of viewing were correlated with mothers’ rates of viewing, with rates for both higher when mothers were unemployed. Adolescents’ TV rates were also correlated with fathers’ rates and with fathers’ type of unemployment. Study has prove, during TV viewing adolescents reported lower than average challenge, worry, and paying attention and higher than average choice, clam and relaxation. In short TV viewing of the middle class Indian youth is a relaxed antidote to the stress of the day that they share with their families. Television has a major impact on toddlers it influences their viewing habits throughout their lives. Since toddlers have a strong preference for cartoons and other programs that have characters that move fast, there is considerable likelihood that they will be exposed to large amounts of violence. Children do not become full-fledged viewers until around the age of two-and-a-half. As toddlers, they begin to pay more attention to the television set when it is on. They develop a limited ability to extract meaning from television content. At the age of eight, children are more likely to be sensitive to important moderating influences of television content, and will not become more aggressive themselves if the violence they see is portrayed as evil, as causing human suffering, or as resulting in punishment or disapproval. However, they are especially likely to show increased aggression from watching violent television if they believe the violence reflects real life, if they identify with a violent hero, or if they engage in aggressive fantasies. One major group which television watching has effected is the age group between 5-13 years of age. Television violence is accompanied by vivid production features; preschoolers are predisposed to seek out and pay attention to violence- particularly cartoon violence. It is not the violence itself that makes the cartoons attractive to preschoolers, but the accompanying vivid production features. With this preference for cartoons, preschoolers are being exposed to a large number of violent acts in their viewing day. Moreover, they are unlikely to be able to put the violence in context, since they are likely to miss any subtlety conveyed mitigating information concerning motivation and consequences. Preschoolers behave more aggressively than usual in their play after watching any high-action exciting television content, but mostly after watching violent television. Another important group that has faced major identity transformations, sparked by the engagement in television is women. In recent years, viewers of Indian film and television have witnessed a shift from portrayals of females as innocent and subordinate in nature, into independent sexual beings. (Malhotra, 2000) While India’s strong traditional heritage has always been significantly characterized by the traditional roles of women as homemakers and mothers, the portrayal of women on television has challenged this ideal, and therefore cultivated a new perception of womanhood for the Indian woman. â€Å"In the 1990s, the Indian ideal of female beauty changed to become more aligned with the Western concept of ‘thin is beautiful’. This change can be unhealthy because the average female Indian body type generally includes large hips.† (Malhotra, 2000) It is therefore evident that the increasing popularity of Western norms through television can be equated with the changing attitudes of Indian females and their bodies. The concern here is obviously the potential damage these ideals may inflict upon the health and self esteem of women exposed to such figures. One particular article which examined the portrayal of women in Indian television states, â€Å"Although many of the programs continued to relegate women to the role of either the glamorous host or the traditional housewife, there were many examples of non-traditional roles for women.† (Malhotra, 2000) Whereas traditional roles are still portrayed, and certain qualities are equated with feminism, the diversity in female roles can be viewed as an indication that women now have choices to fit into those roles that appeal to them. Through television, a range of options are presented, therefore reflecting the potential flexibility of women’s lives. The concern that arises in this case is the harsh reality of Indian culture that is caught between two contradictory gender role portrayals which may either promote female independence, or discourage it altogether. It is therefore important to consider those women who desire liberation, and are held back because they don’t coincide with traditional norms and expectations. The very concept of woman has been revolutionized by the integration of Western ideals and practices that are seeping into Indian-produced television. Conflicts are therefore surfacing which pertain to the issues of female identity. Similarly, with the recent uproar of music-based television, Indian youth culture is flourishing into an ‘Indianized’ group which depends on Western ideals to propel their tastes. This consequently, is creating drifts within the nuclear family structure, and producing a generation gap. The urban middle class, as well as rural villagers are also affected in that they now utilize commodities as a signifier of rank, and these commodities are determined by conglomerate advertising through mainstream Indian television. Television watching and physical activity both are related to obesity. However this has been investigated mainly in children. Television viewing takes up 10.9% of an adolescent’s time (about 12 hours per week) study proves. Children get glued to the television and do not exercise. They watch one program after another with out giving them self’s a break. They do not even have half an hour to do any kind of physical activities. This finally results in obesity. Socially, one of the greatest problems plaguing India today is the consequences of Americanization. Indian’s have eroticized the culture of America to such a degree where they do not realize that they are constantly consuming high priced merchandise at the expense of their own enriched diverse culture. The Indian economy is so motivated by the capital gain from multinationals that they often try to counterbalance the impact of the western images by enforcing radical Nationalistic themes. The growing popularity of television in all parts of India is therefore making way for a homogenized Indian culture whose cultural identity is becoming ever so fragile. Appendix 1. Asia Pacific Demographics Population By Country (Million) 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006(P) Australia 18.8 18.8 19.5 19.7 19.9 20.3 20.7 China 1,267 1,267 1,287 1,287 1,299 1,307 1,307 Hong Kong 6.7 6.7 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.9 7.0 India 1,003 1,019 1,050 1,060 1,080 1,094 1,110 Indonesia 210 213 216 235 238 219 221.9 Japan 126.9 127.3 127.4 127.6 127.7 127.6 127.6 Malaysia 23.3 24.0 24.5 25.1 25.6 26.1 26.6 New Zealand 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1 Philippines 76.5 77.9 79.5 84.6 86.2 84.2 84.4 Singapore 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.6 n.a. South Korea 47.0 47.4 47.6 47.8 48.1 48.2 48.5 Taiwan 22.1 22.3 22.4 22.5 22.6 22.7 22.7 Thailand 60.5 62.9 62.8 63.1 62.0 62.4 62.4 Appendix 2. Asia Pacific Demographics TV Advertising Expenditure By Country (US$ Million) 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006(P) Australia 1,963 2,159 2,322 2,441 2,504 China 12,520 18,138 23,971 30,797 36,612 Hong Kong 702 766 845 900 1,019 India 718 848 899 1,034 1,189 Indonesia 864 1,208 1,436 1,810 2,145 Japan 15,172 14,989 15,838 17,080 16,426 Malaysia 249 270 352 354 368 New Zealand 339 389 423 438 461 Philippines 940 1,169 1,348 1,912 2,218 Singapore 405 422 489 453 311 South Korea 2,113 1,991 1,878 2,245 2,323 Taiwan 959 998 1,016 959 930 Thailand 738 866 995 1,055 1,166 Total 37,682 44,213 51,812 61,478 67,672 Bibliography Fernandes, Leela. â€Å"Nationalizing the global: media images, cultural politics and the middle class in India† Media Culture Society, 22 (2000): 611-628. Johnson, Kirk. â€Å"Media and Social Change: the modernizing influences of television in rural India† Media Culture Society. 23 (2001): 147 169. Juluri, Vamsee. â€Å"Music Television and the Invention of Youth Culture in India† Television New Media, 3 (2002): 367 386. Morgan, M. and N. Signorielli (1990) ‘Cultivation Analysis: Conceptualization and Methodology’, pp. 13–34 in N. Signorielli and M. Morgan (eds) Cultivation Analysis: New Directions in Media Effects Research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Malhotra, S and E. Rogers. â€Å"Satellite television and the new Indian woman† Gazette, 62 (2000): 407-430. â€Å"Brand Equity TV Rating.† Retrieved June 23, 2007, from brandequity.com.my/Charts/AsiaPacific/Population_by_Country.htm. â€Å"Brand Equity – TV Rating.† Retrieved June 23, 2007 from brandequity.com.my/Charts/AsiaPacific/asiapacific_tv_advertising.html. â€Å"Impact of Television† Retrieved June 25, 2007 from http://world.std.com/~jlr/comment/tv_impact.htm. Research Papers on Impact of Television on the Indian population.Relationship between Media Coverage and Social andPETSTEL analysis of IndiaEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementDefinition of Export QuotasAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

9 Weird Careers You Can Pursue in the USA

9 Weird Careers You Can Pursue in the USA 9 Weird Careers You Can Pursue in the USA Maybe you picked your major to pursue a specific career, but most of us go into our college education with an â€Å"open mind† (i.e., not having thought it through). As a result, we have a world of professional possibilities open to us. And though you might eventually opt for something conventional, it’s worth at least considering some more unusual options. Take this list of ten weird careers, for instance†¦ 1. Snake Milker Snake milkers have the peculiar job of squeezing the faces of deadly snakes, thereby extracting the venom for use in antivenoms. Although this is laudable, especially if you live in snake country, we can’t get past the fact that it involves putting your hands into the bitey bit of a venomous reptile. Not for the fainthearted. Theres nothing quite as refreshing as a cold glass of snake milk. [Photo: Barry Rogge] 2. Iceberg Wrangler Speaking of bravery, how do you fancy going toe-to-toe with an iceberg? That’s what the men and women of the International Ice Patrol do, patrolling the North Atlantic on the lookout for rogue chunks of ice! 3. Canine Surfboard Instructor While the International Ice Patrol focuses on keeping our coastal waters free from icebergs, others are working hard to fill them with surfboarding canines. Do the dogs get any say in it, though? Well leave you to judge how enthusiastic this guy feels about riding the waves. [Photo: Mike Baird] 4. Feeling Strangers’ Faces If you’re the kind of tactile person who instantly hugs strangers, why not put these skills to use as a professional â€Å"face feeler†? Otherwise known by the less-creepy term â€Å"sensory scientists,† face feelers run their highly-sensitive digits over people’s faces to test the effects of new cosmetic products. 5. Snuggling And if face feeling doesn’t satisfy your need for intimacy with strangers, you could always become a professional snuggler (don’t worry: it’s strictly platonic). 6. Dog Food Tester Maybe you think forcing dogs onto surfboards is cruel and want to do something to improve the lives of man’s best friend? How about testing their disgusting food? Yummy. The real question, of course, is why dog food manufacturers need professional testers when they cater for an animal that will happily eat its own vomit. Hungry yet? [Photo: NekoJaNekoJa] 7. Lip Reader (Sort Of) Nope, not the useful kind that interprets speech from watching lip movements alone. We’re talking about lipstick readers, who claim to tell your fortune based on the mark left by your lips. Like a palm reader, but with lips. Were sure theyre completely legit. Ahem. 8. Baby Name Consultant Picking a name for your child is a big decision, so why not get third-party advice? If you do follow this career path, please promise not to use your powers for evil by telling credulous parents-to-be that â€Å"Anusol† is a perfectly acceptable name for a girl. 9. Chicken Sexer Not quite as horrific as it sounds, but it does involve checking the sex of thousands of hatchling chicks in quick succession to divide them into males and females. So definitely a specialist interest.

Sampling Plan Utilizing Randomizer Research Paper

Sampling Plan Utilizing Randomizer - Research Paper Example The research paper "Sampling Plan Utilizing Randomizer" presents the overview of the software that allows the users to define the dominant age of Facebook users. The population of 2000 ruled out the possibility of the feasible census and instead a simple random sampling technique was used. This is powerful online software which generates samples randomly. All you need to do is to feed in the range of values and specify the number of sets. Then choose how many numbers to be picked from each set to represent the population. It is easy to use, faster and available free of charge on the internet. In order to assess the dominant age of Facebook users, my established contacts were used. I had 2000 friends on Facebook which is an online social networking site. I hoped to address the research question: What is the dominant age of Facebook users? The population of 2000 ruled out the possibility of the feasible census and instead a simple random sampling technique was used. The availability of the contacts on the site made it possible to establish a sampling frame from where a representative sample was to be drawn. In order to ensure the equal chances of selection into the sample space, the sampling units were represented by their number on the list generated from my friend's page. The contacts were arranged alphabetically and assigned position 1 to 2000. The numbers were fed into a randomizer to generate 25 sets. In each set, the randomizer picked 2 numbers bringing the sample size to 50.